C/C++中的内存地址分配问题

1、程序代码区:存放函数体的二进制代码。

2、全局区数据区：全局数据区划分为三个区域。全局变量和静态变量的存储是放在一块的，初始化的全局变量和静态变量在一块区域，未初始化的全局变量和未初始化的静态变量在相邻的另一块区域。常量数据存放在另一个区域里。这些数据在程序结束后由系统释放。我们所说的BSS段(bss segment)通常是指用来存放程序中未初始化的全局变量的一块内存区域。BSS是英文Block Started by Symbol的简称。这些内存的分配地址由低到高，与局部变量在栈中分配地址的方向不同，栈中地址的分配有高到低。

3、栈区:由编译器自动分配释放，存放函数的参数值，局部变量的值等。其操作方式类似于数据结构中的栈。局部变量在栈中地址的分配有高到低。

4、堆区:一般由程序员分配释放，若程序员不释放，程序结束时可能由OS回收。注意它与数据结构中的堆是两回事，分配方式倒是类似于链表，呵呵。

5、命令行参数区:存放命令行参数和环境变量的值。

实例：

using namespace std; 
 
int p = 1; 
int p1 = 2; 
 
void fun1(){} 
void fun2(){} 
 
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) 
{ 
    const char* s1= "chenyiming"; 
    const char* s2="huangyazhen"; 
    static int  is1; 
    static int  is2; 
    static int  iss1 = 1; 
    static int  iss2 = 2; 
    char * mc = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*2); 
    int  * mi = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int)*2); 
    int i,j; 
    double d = 3.2; 
    char *p; 
     
    cout << "*****************代码区****************" << endl; 
    cout << "fun1() " << (int *)fun1 << endl; 
    cout << "fun2() " << (int *)fun2 << endl; 
    cout << "main() " << (int *)main << endl; 
    cout << "*****************代码区****************" << endl; 
    cout << endl;  
    cout << "*****************数据区****************" << endl; 
    cout << "****文字常量**************" << endl;  
    cout << "s1 " << (int *)s1 << endl; 
    cout << "s2 " << (int *)s2 << endl; 
    cout << "****未初始化的静态变量****" << endl; 
    cout << "is1 " << &is1 << endl; 
    cout << "is2 " << &is2 << endl; 
    cout << "****初始化的静态变量******" << endl; 
    cout << "iss1 " << &iss1 << endl; 
    cout << "iss2 " << &iss2 << endl; 
    cout << "*****************数据区****************" << endl; 
    cout << endl; 
    cout << "******************堆区*****************" << endl; 
    cout << "mc " << (int *)mc << endl; 
    cout << "mi " << (int *)mi << endl; 
    cout << "******************堆区*****************" << endl; 
    cout << endl; 
    cout << "******************栈区*****************" << endl; 
    cout << "&mc " << &mc << endl; 
    cout << "&mi " << &mi << endl; 
    cout << "&i " << &i << endl; 
    cout << "&j " << &j << endl; 
    cout << "&d " << &d << endl; 
    cout << "&p " << &p << endl; 
    cout << "******************栈区*****************" << endl; 
    cout << endl; 
    cout << "**************命令行参数区*************" << endl; 
    cout << "argv[0] " << (int *)argv[0] << endl; 
    cout << "**************命令行参数区*************" << endl; 
    cout << endl;  
}  

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int p = 1;
int p1 = 2;

void fun1(){}
void fun2(){}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
 const char* s1= "chenyiming";
 const char* s2="huangyazhen";
 static int  is1;
 static int  is2;
 static int  iss1 = 1;
 static int  iss2 = 2;
 char * mc = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*2);
 int  * mi = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int)*2);
 int i,j;
 double d = 3.2;
 char *p;
 
 cout << "*****************代码区****************" << endl;
 cout << "fun1() " << (int *)fun1 << endl;
 cout << "fun2() " << (int *)fun2 << endl;
 cout << "main() " << (int *)main << endl;
  cout << "*****************代码区****************" << endl;
 cout << endl;
 cout << "*****************数据区****************" << endl;
 cout << "****文字常量**************" << endl;
 cout << "s1 " << (int *)s1 << endl;
 cout << "s2 " << (int *)s2 << endl;
 cout << "****未初始化的静态变量****" << endl;
 cout << "is1 " << &is1 << endl;
 cout << "is2 " << &is2 << endl;
 cout << "****初始化的静态变量******" << endl;
 cout << "iss1 " << &iss1 << endl;
 cout << "iss2 " << &iss2 << endl;
 cout << "*****************数据区****************" << endl;
 cout << endl;
 cout << "******************堆区*****************" << endl;
 cout << "mc " << (int *)mc << endl;
 cout << "mi " << (int *)mi << endl;
 cout << "******************堆区*****************" << endl;
 cout << endl;
 cout << "******************栈区*****************" << endl;
 cout << "&mc " << &mc << endl;
 cout << "&mi " << &mi << endl;
 cout << "&i " << &i << endl;
 cout << "&j " << &j << endl;
 cout << "&d " << &d << endl;
 cout << "&p " << &p << endl;
  cout << "******************栈区*****************" << endl;
 cout << endl;
 cout << "**************命令行参数区*************" << endl;
 cout << "argv[0] " << (int *)argv[0] << endl;
 cout << "**************命令行参数区*************" << endl;
 cout << endl;
}

补充：软件开发 , C++ ,