使用触发器记录oracle用户登陆信息

Oracle 提供了强大的审计功能，可以针对用户级，系统级范围，以及标准审计，细粒度审计等多种方式来审计各种数据库层面上的操作。然很多中小型数据库需要记录用户的登陆登出信息，而又不希望牺牲太多的性能。基于这种情形，使用基于数据库级别的触发器可以简单的实现这个需求。
1、实现代码
[sql] 
--创建表用于存储登陆或登出的统计信息  
CREATE TABLE stats$user_log  
(  
   user_id           VARCHAR2 (30),  
   session_id        NUMBER (8),  
   HOST              VARCHAR2 (30),  
   last_program      VARCHAR2 (48),  
   last_action       VARCHAR2 (32),  
   last_module       VARCHAR2 (32),  
   logon_day         DATE,  
   logon_time        VARCHAR2 (10),  
   logoff_day        DATE,  
   logoff_time       VARCHAR2 (10),  
   elapsed_minutes   NUMBER (8)  
);  
  
--创建登陆之后的触发器  
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER logon_audit_trigger  
   AFTER LOGON  
   ON DATABASE  
BEGIN  
   INSERT INTO stats$user_log  
        VALUES (USER,  
                SYS_CONTEXT ('USERENV', 'SESSIONID'),  
                SYS_CONTEXT ('USERENV', 'HOST'),  
                NULL,  
                NULL,  
                NULL,  
                SYSDATE,  
                TO_CHAR (SYSDATE, 'hh24:mi:ss'),  
                NULL,  
                NULL,  
                NULL);  
END;  
/  
  
--创建登出之后的触发器  
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER logoff_audit_trigger  
   BEFORE LOGOFF  
   ON DATABASE  
BEGIN  
   -- ***************************************************  
   -- Update the last action accessed  
   -- ***************************************************  
   UPDATE stats$user_log  
      SET last_action =  
             (SELECT action  
                FROM v$session  
               WHERE SYS_CONTEXT ('USERENV', 'SESSIONID') = audsid)  
    WHERE SYS_CONTEXT ('USERENV', 'SESSIONID') = session_id;  
  
   --***************************************************  
   -- Update the last program accessed  
   -- ***************************************************  
   UPDATE stats$user_log  
      SET last_program =  
             (SELECT program  
                FROM v$session  
               WHERE SYS_CONTEXT ('USERENV', 'SESSIONID') = audsid)  
    WHERE SYS_CONTEXT ('USERENV', 'SESSIONID') = session_id;  
  
   -- ***************************************************  
   -- Update the last module accessed  
   -- ***************************************************  
   UPDATE stats$user_log  
      SET last_module =  
             (SELECT module  
                FROM v$session  
               WHERE SYS_CONTEXT ('USERENV', 'SESSIONID') = audsid)  
    WHERE SYS_CONTEXT ('USERENV', 'SESSIONID') = session_id;  
  
   -- ***************************************************  
   -- Update the logoff day  
   -- ***************************************************  
   UPDATE stats$user_log  
      SET logoff_day = SYSDATE  
    WHERE SYS_CONTEXT ('USERENV', 'SESSIONID') = session_id;  
  
   -- ***************************************************  
   -- Update the logoff time  
   -- ***************************************************  
   UPDATE stats$user_log  
      SET logoff_time = TO_CHAR (SYSDATE, 'hh24:mi:ss')  
    WHERE SYS_CONTEXT ('USERENV', 'SESSIONID') = session_id;  
  
   -- ***************************************************  
   -- Compute the elapsed minutes  
   -- ***************************************************  
   UPDATE stats$user_log  
      SET elapsed_minutes = ROUND ( (logoff_day - logon_day) * 1440)  
    WHERE SYS_CONTEXT ('USERENV', 'SESSIONID') = session_id;  
END;  
/  
2、结果样例
[sql] 
--查看用户的登入登出信息  
SQL> select * from sys.stats$user_log where rownum<3;  
  
USER_ID    SESSION_ID HOST            LAST_PROGRAM     LAST_MODULE     LOGON_DAY LOGON_TIME LOGOFF_DA LOGOFF_TIM  ELP_MINS  
---------- ---------- --------------- ---------------- ---------------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------  
GX_ADMIN    5409517   v2012DB01u      JDBC Thin Client JDBC Thin Client 24-OCT-13 12:20:30   24-OCT-13 16:20:30   240  
GX_ADMIN    5409518   v2013DB01u      JDBC Thin Client JDBC Thin Client 24-OCT-13 12:22:23   24-OCT-13 16:22:30   240  
  
--汇总用户登陆时间       
SQL> SELECT user_id, TRUNC (logon_day) logon_day, SUM (elapsed_minutes) total_time  
  2  FROM sys.stats$user_log  
  3  GROUP BY user_id, TRUNC (logon_day) ORDER BY 2;  
  
USER_ID                        LOGON_DAY TOTAL_TIME  
------------------------------ --------- ----------  
GX_ADMIN                       24-OCT-13        960  
SYS                            24-OCT-13  
GX_ADMIN                       25-OCT-13       2891  
GX_WEBUSER                     25-OCT-13  
SYS                            25-OCT-13  
GX_WEBUSER                     26-OCT-13  
GX_ADMIN                       26-OCT-13       2880  
SYS                            26-OCT-13  
GX_WEBUSER                     27-OCT-13  
GX_ADMIN                       27-OCT-13       2640  
GX_WEBUSER                     28-OCT-13  
  
--Author : Leshami  
--Blog   : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami  
  
--基于日期时间段的用户登陆数  
SQL> select trunc (logon_day) logon_day,substr(logon_time,1,2) hour,count(user_id) as number_of_logins 
  2  from sys.stats$user_log  
  3  group by trunc (logon_day) ,substr(logon_time,1,2)  order by 1,2;  
  
LOGON_DAY HOUR   NUMBER_OF_LOGINS  
--------- ------ ----------------  
24-OCT-13 12                    2  
24-OCT-13 16                    3  
24-OCT-13 20                    2  
24-OCT-13 22                    2  
24-OCT-13 23                    1  
25-OCT-13 00                    2  
25-OCT-13 03                  104  
25-OCT-13 04                    2  
25-OCT-13 06                    2  
25-OCT-13 10                    2  
25-OCT-13 14                    2  
   .............