Oracle索引监控(monitor index)
Oracle索引监控(monitor index)
合理的为数据库表上创建战略性索引，可以极大程度的提高了查询性能。但事实上日常中我们所创建的索引并非战略性索引，恰恰是大量冗余或是根本没有用到的索引耗用了大量的存储空间，导致DML性能低下。Oracle 提供了索引监控特性来初略判断未使用到的索引。本文描述如何使用Oracle 索引的监控。
1、冗余索引的弊端
大量冗余和无用的索引导致整个数据库性能低下，耗用了大量的CPU与I/O开销，具体表现如下:
a、耗用大量的存储空间(索引段的维护与管理)
b、增加了DML完成的时间
c、耗用大量统计信息(索引)收集的时间
d、结构性验证时间
f、增加了恢复所需的时间
2、单个索引监控
a、对于单个索引的监控，可以使用下面的命令来完成
alter index <INDEX_NAME> monitoring usage;
b、关闭索引监控
alter index <INDEX_NAME> nomonitoring usage;
c、观察监控结果(查询v$object_usage视图)
select * from v$object_usage
3、schema级别索引监控(不含SYS用户)
[sql]
a、直接执行脚本来开启索引监控
robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/sql> more idx_monitor_on.sql
SET HEADING OFF FEEDBACK OFF TERMOUT OFF ECHO OFF;
SET PAGESIZE 0;
SPOOL /tmp/mnt_idx.sql
SELECT 'ALTER INDEX ' || owner || '.' || index_name || ' MONITORING USAGE;'
FROM dba_indexes
WHERE owner IN (SELECT username
FROM dba_users
WHERE account_status = 'OPEN')
AND owner NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM', 'PERFSTAT', 'MGMT_VIEW', 'MONITOR', 'SYSMAN', 'DBSNMP');
SPOOL OFF;
@/tmp/mnt_idx.sql;
SET HEADING ON FEEDBACK ON TERMOUT ON;
SET PAGESIZE 80;
SELECT index_name,
monitoring,
used,
start_monitoring,
end_monitoring
FROM v$object_usage;
ho rm -rf /tmp/mnt_idx.sql
b、禁用索引监控
robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/sql> more idx_monitor_off.sql
SET HEADING OFF FEEDBACK OFF TERMOUT OFF ECHO OFF;
SET PAGESIZE 0;
SPOOL /tmp/un_mnt_idx.sql
SELECT 'ALTER INDEX ' || owner || '.' || index_name || ' NOMONITORING USAGE;'
FROM dba_indexes
WHERE owner IN (SELECT username
FROM dba_users
WHERE account_status = 'OPEN')
AND owner NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM', 'PERFSTAT', 'MGMT_VIEW', 'MONITOR', 'SYSMAN', 'DBSNMP');
SPOOL OFF;
@/tmp/un_mnt_idx.sql;
SET HEADING ON FEEDBACK ON TERMOUT ON;
SET PAGESIZE 80;
--> Author : Robinson
--> Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612
SELECT index_name,
monitoring,
used,
start_monitoring,
end_monitoring
FROM v$object_usage;
ho rm -rf /tmp/un_mnt_idx.sql
c、查看索引监控结果
set linesize 190
SELECT u.name owner,
io.name index_name,
t.name table_name,
DECODE (BITAND (i.flags, 65536), 0, 'NO', 'YES') monitoring,
DECODE (BITAND (ou.flags, 1), 0, 'NO', 'YES') used,
ou.start_monitoring start_monitoring,
ou.end_monitoring end_monitoring
FROM sys.user$ u,
sys.obj$ io,
sys.obj$ t,
sys.ind$ i,
sys.object_usage ou
WHERE i.obj# = ou.obj# AND io.obj# = ou.obj# AND t.obj# = i.bo# AND u.user# = io.owner#
AND u.name=decode(upper('&input_owner'),'ALL',u.name,upper('&input_owner'));
4、演示索引监控
[sql]
a、单个索引监控
-->演示环境
scott@CNMMBO> select * from v$version where rownum<2;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Release 10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
-->创建测试表
scott@CNMMBO> create table tb_emp as select * from emp;
-->为测试表创建索引
scott@CNMMBO> create index i_tb_emp_empno on tb_emp(empno);
-->收集统计信息
scott@CNMMBO> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('SCOTT','TB_EMP',cascade=>true);
-->查看索引信息
scott@CNMMBO> @idx_info
Enter value for owner: scott
Enter value for table_name: tb_emp
Table Name INDEX_NAME CL_NAM CL_POS STATUS IDX_TYP DSCD
------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------- ------ -------- --------------- ----
TB_EMP I_TB_EMP_EMPNO EMPNO 1 VALID NORMAL ASC
-->查看索引使用情况
-->此时use列为NO，表明索引未被使用到
scott@CNMMBO> @idx_usage_tb
Enter value for 1: tb_emp
